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AUTHOR(S): Ruki̇ye Özteki̇n, Deli̇a Teresa Sponza
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TITLE Sulfur Black 1 Dye Removal and Na2S Reuse from a Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment |
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ABSTRACT Sulfur Black 1 (SB 1) (C18H8N4O5S2) is a widely used dye in the textile industry. Its dyeing process generates significant amounts of wastewater containing high-molecular-weight, refractory, and toxic organic pollutants, along with sulfate. This study proposed a novel sulfur-circular process integrating persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (AOP), microbial sulfate reduction, and gas stripping-adsorption to simultaneously remove Sulfur Black 1 and recover sodium sulfide (Na2S) from textile wastewater. Persulfate activation by zero-valent iron (Fe0) particles generated sulfate radicals (SO4● -2) and hydroxyl radicals (OH●), achieving 99% degradation of Sulfur Black in real dyeing wastewater. The AOP-treated wastewater, which contained biodegradable organic by-products and sulfate, was subsequently treated in an up-flow anaerobic packed-bed sulfidogenic reactor (UAPBSR). In this reactor 90% of sulfate was reduced, producing 200-600 mg dissolved sulfide/l. The organic AOP by-products were efficiently mineralized, with a total organic carbon removal efficiency of about 99%. Fermentative bacteria (e.g., Lactococcus and Acidipropionibacterium) converted high-molecular-weight organic oxidation by-products into low-molecular-weight organics, which were further mineralized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfobacter and Desulfovibrio). Over 99% of dissolved sulfide in the UAPBSR effluents was stripped and then absorbed with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, enabling the recovery of Na2S as a low-cost solubilizer recycled for the dyeing process. Langmuir linear model results agree with the experimental data better than the Freundlich linear model with the maximum uptake capacity of 173.04 mg/g. This study offers essential fundamentals for developing cost-effective technologies to treat wastewater containing refractory dyes and other persistent organic pollutants. |
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KEYWORDS Acidipropionibacterium; Advanced oxidation process (AOP); Desulfobacter; Desulfovibrio; Lactococcus; Reuse; Sodium sulfide (Na2S); Sulfur Black 1 (C18H8N4O5S2) dyestuff; Textile industry wastewater; Up-flow anaerobic packed-bed sulfidogenic reactor (UAPBSR). |
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Cite this paper Ruki̇ye Özteki̇n, Deli̇a Teresa Sponza. (2026) Sulfur Black 1 Dye Removal and Na2S Reuse from a Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 11, 19-81 |
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