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AUTHOR(S): Constantin Sandu
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ABSTRACT This paper's main goal is to solve the Nordström-Einstein paradox in the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and open a new perspective on understanding the generation of gravitational fields. It is not exactly known how the gravitational field is generated. This field is responsible for attraction at the distance of bodies in Newton’s sense and for the distortion of space-time in Einstein’s sense. In 1913, Nordström blamed Einstein’s GTR for not explaining why electromagnetic waves confined in a massless box with reflective walls have a gravitational mass, while the invariant of the stress-energy tensor of the electromagnetic field is zero. This is the Nordström-Einstein paradox in GTR. The present paper solves the Nordström-Einstein paradox for the hypothetical case of a sphere with a massless and zero-thickness reflective surface filled with electromagnetic waves. It demonstrates that the gravitational field of such a sphere is generated only during the reflection of electromagnetic waves by the sphere’s reflective surface due to Lebedev pressure and not in its volume. The methodology used is specific to GTR, establishing a new form of the stress-energy tensor for the mentioned case. Solving this paradox, which constituted an unexploited niche in GTR for 112 years, has significant implications for understanding the generation and structure of gravitational fields. It can serve as a basis for further theoretical and experimental research, with strong implications for the development of Quantum Gravity, String/Superstring theory, and Unified Field theories. |
KEYWORDS Nordström-Einstein paradox, General Theory of Relativity, Quantum Gravity, Gravitation, Graviton generation mechanism |
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Cite this paper Constantin Sandu. (2025) The Complete Solution of the Nordström–Einstein Paradox and Its Implications in the Gravity Fields Generation. International Journal of Applied Physics, 10, 131-138 |
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