Generative Artificial Intelligence and Computational Design Optimization in Contemporary Architecture: a Systems Engineering Perspective

Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly influencing architectural design by expanding computational design exploration, performance evaluation, optimization, and decision-support capabilities. This systematic literature review examines how GenAI and computational design optimization are being integrated into contemporary architecture from a systems engineering perspective. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 reporting framework. Searches were conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, SAGE Journals, Google Scholar, and arXiv for literature published between January 2018 and March 2026. The search identified 1,248 records. After removal of 276 duplicates, 972 records were screened by title and