Quantum-Like Interdependence "Squeezes" Structural Entropy, System Advantages Over Command Decision-making, AI, and Social Science

Abstract: Our research finds that the 1:1 relationship between cognitive beliefs and actions is an illusion. Whether for games, concepts, preferences, rational choices, eyewitness accounts, self-reported pain, 1:1 relationships cannot generalize beyond reinforcement for humans or generative-AI (gen-AI), a lower form of learning, explaining the failure of biases to evolve, the impediment to predict, and the inability to account for higher-level reasoning (e.g., innovation). The problem with 1:1 is that observations of social interaction produce independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) or separable data (i.e., like the frames of a video), which cannot reconstruct the interaction. Interdependent systems are entering the market (e.g., heart-lung machines). Until now, however, AI has been unable to replace humans, likely because AI uses i.i.d. data derived from symmetry breaking, preventing Gen-AI from modeling the essential aspects of interdependent teams. Solving this problem is critical to advance the science of human-AI-machine-robot teams. Failing to account for interdependence, classical models of teams do not generalize well, if at all, nor do their models predict advantages. As a brief review of our research into a theory of interdependence, we conclude that humans have two cognitive systems, which puzzled Simon and Kahneman, one being cognition and the other interdependent, hidden and embodied cognition. We have contributed to the science of teams with our theory of measuring the entropy produced by teams (viz., "squeezing" structural entropy is characteristic of the best teams). In support, our quantum-like model of interdependence in teams generalizes (e.g., how a team can execute covert actions such as espionage; how to find and exploit vulnerabilities in a team), explains why self-organized advantages are impeded under command decision-making (viz., authoritarianism impedes interdependence), and suggests a future study for the elusive connection between mind and reality, with Einstein's struggle over a decade to discover his concept of how mass and energy act like gravity to affect spacetime to be explored as an exemplar of reducing cognitive dissonance. We close by proposing control by mutual tuning of interference across a system is our plan for future research.